Superhot rock energy is attracting growing interest from governments, energy suppliers, and energy transition researchers due to its high power density and potential to provide large-scale, always-on electricity production. But to improve our understanding of the geological conditions where superhot rock energy can be found, further technical advances are required. Research initiatives must target specific technology gaps for characterizing superhot rock resources to improve our ability to harness this resource. In this report, we review existing methods for subsurface resource characterization and recommend specific ways to focus future research efforts for superhot rock energy prospecting.